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Your search on creator:Briggs, Candida Lea found these results. 1 to 5 of 5 records in 7.49s



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Congo red : an effective stain for revealing the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, in epidermal skin scrapings from frogs

Author/Creator: Briggs, Candida Lea, University of Western Sydney, College of Science, Technology and Environment, School of Science, Food and Horticulture, Burgin, Shelley, University of Western Sydney
Resource type: journal article
Date: 2004
Subject: Frogs, Diseases, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Chytridiomycosis, Congo red, Infectious Agents (060502)
Record contributed by: University of Western Sydney

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http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/9678
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The worldwide decline in frogs has been linked to a deadly disease (Chytridiomycosis) caused by the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We used Congo red to study chytrid fungi in skin scrapings taken from formalin preserved animals, from non-preserved decaying or dead animals, as well as from apparently healthy animals. We were able to distinguish immature and mature zoosporangia, zoospores and germling stages of the fungus within the host tissue. Staining patterns varied. Zoospores (including flagellum) stained orange but the walls of all other stages stained a reddish-orange. The inoperculate discharge tube was always intensely stained. However, when zoosporangia were within intact epidermal cells, only the exposed discharge tube stained unless the keratinized layer was breached. The epidermal cells either did not stain or stained pale orange. Congo red is cheap, easy to use and relatively non-hazardous, making it a valuable tool to study the spread and role of chytridiomycosis in frog decline.

2004

C1

Yes

Publisher: Cambridge Cambridge University Press

Format: 6
Language: eng
Source: The mycologist Vol. 18, no. 3 (Aug. 2004), pp. 98-103 Refereed
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The worldwide decline in frogs has been linked to a deadly disease (Chytridiomycosis) caused by the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. We used Congo red to study chytrid fungi in skin scrapings taken from formalin preserved animals, from non-preserved ...
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A rapid technique to detect chytrid infection in adult frogs

Author/Creator: Briggs, Candida Lea, University of Western Sydney, College of Science, Technology and Environment, School of Science, Food and Horticulture, Burgin, Shelley, University of Western Sydney
Resource type: journal article
Date: 2003
Subject: Frogs, Diseases, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Chytridiomycosis, Congo red, tba, tba
Record contributed by: University of Western Sydney

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http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/9841
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Investigations into worldwide population declines in amphibians are under way. A wide range of causes have been identified, e.g., habitat destruction and the introduction of non-native fish. However, a newly discovered chytrid fungus has been consistently found in mass mortality events in wild populations of frogs in Australia, Panama and Spain. This is the first known instance of a keratinophilic fungus pathogenic to amphibians. The chytrid fungi present in all of these events were morphologically and ultrastructurally identical and given the name Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis gen. et sp. nov. Longcore. The disease caused by B. dendrobatidis was called chytridiomycosis. The fungus has been found inside the keratinized cells of the epidermis of adult or newly metamorphosed animals (particularly the ventral body, limbs, and feet areas); it has also been observed to invade the keratinous teeth of tadpoles. Histological sections made from frog toe clippings have revealed the fungus to occur within the inner layers of the epidermis, within thickening or erosions of the epidermis, and occasionally within ulcers. Skin scrapings, histological sections from toe clippings and elsewhere, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, and immunocytochemistry are all methods that have been used to detect the presence of chytrid fungus in frog skin. All of these have associated problems. To address these problems we sought to develop a rapid cost-effective method suitable for non-mycologists to distinguish clearly the chytrid fungus in frogs suspected of being infected with chytridiomycosis. Because the cationic dye Congo red stains cellulose and chitin, and has heen used to reveal fungal hyphae in histological sections of human tissue, we investigated the feasibility of this dye to reveal the chytrid fungus in frog skin scrapings and intact skin.

2003

C1

Yes

Publisher: Lawrence, Kan. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles

Format: 3
Other identifier:
Language: eng
Source: Herpetological review Vol. 34, no. 2 (2003), pp. 124-126 Refereed
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Investigations into worldwide population declines in amphibians are under way. A wide range of causes have been identified, e.g., habitat destruction and the introduction of non-native fish. However, a newly discovered chytrid fungus has been consistently found ...
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Investigations into seed dormancy in Grevillea linearifolia, G. buxifolia and G. sericea : anatomy and histochemistry of the seed coat

Author/Creator: Briggs, Candida Lea, University of Western Sydney, College of Science, Technology and Environment, School of Science, Food and Horticulture, Morris, E. Charles, University of Western Sydney, Ashford, Anne E., University of New South Wales
Resource type: journal article
Date: 2005
Subject: Grevillea, Australia, Seeds, Dormancy, Physiology, Histochemistry, Terrestrial Ecology (060208)
Record contributed by: University of Western Sydney

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http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/9855
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Background and Aims: Seeds of east Australian Grevillea species generally recruit post-fire; previous work showed that the seed coat was the controller of dormancy in Grevillea linearifolia. Former studies on seed development in Grevillea have concentrated on embryology, with little information that would allow testing of hypotheses about the breaking of dormancy by fire-related cues. Our aim was to investigate structural and chemical characteristics of the seed coat that may be related to dormancy for three Grevillea species. Methods: Seeds of Grevillea linearifolia, Grevillea buxifolia and Grevillea sericea were investigated using gross dissection, thin sectioning and histochemical staining. Water movement across the seed coat was tested for by determining the water content of embryos from imbibed and dry seeds of G. sericea. Penetration of intact seeds by Lucifer Yellow was used to test for internal barriers to diffusion of high-molecular-weight compounds. Key Results: Two integuments were present in the seed coat: an outer testa, with exo-, meso- and endotestal (palisade) layers, and an inner tegmen of unlignified sclerenchyma. A hypostase at the chalazal end was a region of structural difference in the seed coat, and differed slightly among the three species. An internal cuticle was found on each side of the sclerenchyma layer. The embryos of imbibed seeds had a water content six times that of dry seeds. Barriers to diffusion of Lucifer Yellow existed at the exotestal and the endotestal/hypostase layers. Conclusions: Several potential mechanisms of seed coat dormancy were identified. The embryo appeared to be completely surrounded by outer and inner barriers to diffusion of high-molecular-weight compounds. Phenolic compounds present in the exotesta could interfere with gas exchange. The sclerenchyma layer, together with strengthening in the endotestal and exotestal cells, could act as a mechanical constraint.

2005

C1

Yes

Publisher: London Published for the Annals of Botany Co. by Academic Press

Format: 16
Language: eng
Source: Annals of botany Vol. 96 (Nov. 2005), pp. 965-980 Refereed
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Background and Aims: Seeds of east Australian Grevillea species generally recruit post-fire; previous work showed that the seed coat was the controller of dormancy in Grevillea linearifolia. Former studies on seed development in Grevillea have concentrated ...
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Is Batrachochytrium dendrobaidiss really the proximate cause of frog decline?

Author/Creator: Burgin, Shelley, University of Western Sydney, University of Western Sydney, College of Science, Technology and Environment, School of Science, Food and Horticulture, Schell, Christopher B., University of Western Sydney, Briggs, Candida Lea, University of Western Sydney
Resource type: journal article
Date: 2005
Subject: frogs, Australia, diseases, Chytridiomycosis, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Zoology (0608)
Record contributed by: University of Western Sydney

Full Record and related resources:
http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/10605
http://www.actazool.org/paperdetail.asp?id=1503&volume=51&number=2&bgpage=344&endpage=348&year=2005&month=4
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http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/10605
http://www.actazool.org/paperdetail.asp?id=1503&volume=51&number=2&bgpage=344&endpage=348&year=2005&month=4

Description
Frog decline has been of major concern in many parts of the world over the last two decades and Australia appears to be a ‘hot spot’ of decline. Arguably the current, most popular hypothesis for decline of frogs is Chytridiomycosis infection caused by Batachochytrium dendrobatidis. As part of a much larger study that involved pitfall trapping frogs in three different habitat types associated with a large ephemeral wetland in natural bushland adjacent to agricultural and urban development, we observed an epidemic of Chytridiomycosis and confirmed the rate of infection by this fungal organism. Individuals from only one species in the frog assemblage died of the symptoms of the disease in any one year and the only evidence of an epidemic occurred in a single year in a single species (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis Spotted Grass Frog) despite several closely related species being a part of the same assemblage. Of those animals that died exhibiting the typical symptoms of Chytridiomycosis, only 22% carried fungal infection on their epidermis. Although Chytridiomycosis was present in the population, we concluded that it was not the proximate cause of mortality in this population. Based on this observation we question the validity of the hypothesis that B. dendrobatidis is necessarily the primary cause of frog mortality.

2005

C1

Yes

Publisher: China Ke xue chu ban she

Format: 5
Language: eng
Source: Acta zoologica Sinica Vol. 51, no. 2 (Apr. 2005), pp. 344-348 Refereed
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Frog decline has been of major concern in many parts of the world over the last two decades and Australia appears to be a ‘hot spot’ of decline. Arguably the current, most popular hypothesis for decline of frogs is Chytridiomycosis infection caused ...
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SYBR Green I-induced fluorescence in cultured immune cells : a comparison with Acridine Orange

Author/Creator: Briggs, Candida Lea, University of Western Sydney, University of Western Sydney, College of Science, Technology and Environment, School of Science, Food and Horticulture, Jones, Mark, University of Western Sydney
Resource type: journal article
Date: 2005
Subject: fluorescence microscopy, immune cells, cell culture, DNA, RNA, stains and staining (microscopy, ,
Record contributed by: University of Western Sydney

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http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/40382
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Using fluorescence microscopy, we explored the ability of cultured immune cells to take up aqueous SYBR Green I (SGI). SYBR Green I, a highly sensitive fluorescent nucleic acid stain, which preferentially binds to dsDNA over ssDNA or RNA with little background fluorescence from unbound molecules. A time course study over 2 h using final dilutions of SGI of 1:10,000 and 1:100,000 at 22 and 37 1C, revealed the dye quickly entered the cells, stained mitochondrial DNA then nuclear DNA, and SGI-induced green fluorescence increased over time. As staining progressed, heterochromatin appeared as more intense green fluorescent lines, patches and circles against the lower fluorescence of the nucleoplasm. The lower fluorescence from the nucleoplasm indicated SGI also bound to areas of euchromatin. Similar progressive uptake experiments were carried out with the permeant DNA dye Acridine Orange (AO) to provide insight into staining patterns and mode of uptake. Statistical analysis of cells prestained with SGI then tested with Trypan Blue for changes in membrane permeability, revealed no significant difference between controls and treatment for each temperature. It appears that SGI does not compromise cells for up to 2 h following initial exposure.

2005

C1

Yes

2-s2.0-27644562012

Publisher: Switzerland Urban & Fischer

Format: 11
Language: eng
Source: Acta Histochemica Vol. 107, no. 4 (Dec. 2005), pp. 301-312 Refereed
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Using fluorescence microscopy, we explored the ability of cultured immune cells to take up aqueous SYBR Green I (SGI). SYBR Green I, a highly sensitive fluorescent nucleic acid stain, which preferentially binds to dsDNA over ssDNA or RNA with little background ...
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